International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is an international corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president. Today its membership consists of the 205 National Olympic Committees.
The IOC organizes the modern Olympic Games held in Summer and Winter, every four years. The first Summer Olympics organized by the International Olympic Committee were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896; the first Winter Olympics were in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Until 1992, both Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games, to help space the planning of the two events two years apart from one another.

On 22 June 1894, the Olympic games were re-created as an international tournament by Pierre de Coubertin. The baron hoped to foster international communication and peace through the Olympic Games. The IOC is a parent organization intended to localize administration and authority for the Games, as well as to provide a single legal entity which owns copyrights, trademarks, and other intangible properties associated with the Olympic games. For example, the Olympic logos, the design of the Olympic flag, the motto, creed, and anthem are all owned and administered by the IOC. There are other organizations which the IOC coordinates as well, which are collectively called the Olympic Movement. The IOC President is responsible for representing the IOC as a whole, and there are members of the IOC which represent the IOC in their respective countries.

The Olympic Games are a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition. The Games are currently held every two years, with Summer and Winter Olympic Games alternating, although they occur every four years within their respective seasonal games. Since 2008, host cities are contracted to manage both the Olympic and the Paralympic Games, where athletes who have a physical disability compete. The Paralympics are held immediately following their respective Olympic Games. Originally, the ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. The IOC has since become the governing body of the Olympic Movement, whose structure and actions are defined by the Olympic Charter.
The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games. Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Games for ice and winter sports, the Paralympic Games for athletes with a physical disability, and the Youth Olympic Games for teenage athletes. The IOC has had to adapt to the varying economic, political, and technological realities of the 20th century. As a result, the Olympics shifted away from pure amateurism, as envisioned by Coubertin, to allow participation of professional athletes. The growing importance of the mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship and commercialization of the Games. World Wars led to the cancellation of the 1916, 1940, and 1944 Games. Large boycotts during the Cold War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Games.

The Olympic Movement consists of international sports federations (IFs), National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and organizing committees for each specific Olympic Games. As the decision-making body, the IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Olympic Games. The host city is responsible for organizing and funding a celebration of the Games consistent with the Olympic Charter. The Olympic program, consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games, is also determined by the IOC. The celebration of the Games encompasses many rituals and symbols, such as the Olympic flag and torch, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. There are over 13,000 athletes that compete at the Summer and Winter Olympics in 33 different sports and nearly 400 events. The first, second, and third place finishers in each event receive gold, silver, and bronze medals, respectively.
The Games have grown in scale to the point that nearly every nation is represented. Such growth has created numerous challenges, including boycotts, doping, bribery of officials, and terrorism. Every two years, the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national, and in particular cases, international fame. The Games also constitute a major opportunity for the host city and country to showcase themselves to the world.

El Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI) con sede en Lausana (Suiza), fue creado el 23 de junio de 1894 por el Barón Pierre de Coubertin en París con el fin de revivir los antiguos juegos olímpicos griegos.

El COI coordina las actividades del Movimiento Olímpico. Además está encargado de supervisar y administrar todo lo concerniente a los Juegos Olímpicos. Es dueña de todos los derechos asociados a los símbolos olímpicos, la bandera, himno, lema, juramento y los juegos. Controla los derechos de transmisión de los juegos, la publicidad y demás actividades de acuerdo a la Carta Olímpica. Además es el organismo internacional encargado de organizar y seleccionar las ciudades que serán sedes de los Juegos Olímpicos cada 4 años.

Los JJOO se inician con el encendido de la Llama Olímpica y en ese momento es el inicio de la Olimpiada que terminará con el encendido de la siguiente a los 4 años.
El Protocolo Olímpico se refiere a todos los precedimientos que deben cumplirse antes, durante y después de los juegos olímpicos.

Los Juegos Olímpicos, u Olimpíadas son eventos deportivos multidisciplinarios en los que participan atletas de diversas partes del mundo, en la antigua Grecia eran dedicados al dios Zeus. Existen dos tipos de Juegos Olímpicos: los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano y los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno, que se realizan con un intervalo, entre ellos, de cuatro años. La organización encargada de la realización de los mismos es el Comité Olímpico Internacional (por su abreviatura, COI).

Los Juegos Olímpicos actuales se inspiraron en los del siglo XVII organizados por los antiguos griegos en la ciudad de Olimpia, entre los años 776 a. C. y el 393 d. C. En el siglo XIX, surgió la idea de realizar unos eventos similares a los organizados en la Antigüedad, los que se concretarían mentalmente gracias a las gestiones del noble francés Pierre Frèdy, Barón de Coubertin. La primera edición de los llamados Juegos Olímpicos de la Era Moderna se realizó en Atenas, capital de Grecia. Desde aquella oportunidad, los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano han sido realizados cada cuatro años en diversas partes del planeta, siendo las únicas excepciones las ediciones de 1916, 1940 y 1944, debido al estallido de la Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial.

El símbolo olímpico consiste en cinco anillos que representan los cinco continentes del mundo: África, América, Asia, Europa y Oceanía. Están entrelazados para simbolizar la amistad deportiva de todos los pueblos.
Los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno se realizaron por primera vez en 1924, en la localidad francesa de Chamonix. Originalmente realizados como parte del evento de verano, el COI los consideró como un evento separado retroactivamente, y desde esa fecha comenzaron a realizarse en el mismo año que los Juegos originales. Posteriormente, con el fin de potenciar el desarrollo de los eventos invernales, el COI decidió desfasar la realización de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno a partir de Lillehammer 1994. Desde esa fecha, los Juegos Olímpicos Invernales se realizan en los años pares entre dos Juegos de Verano. En 2007, el COI decidió incorporar un nuevo tipo de evento: los Juegos Olímpicos Juveniles, que comenzarán a celebrarse a partir de 2010 y 2012 en sus ediciones de verano e invierno, respectivamente.